Major focus area

Speech Therapy -> Articulation

Short description

Traditional Articulation Approach is a phonetic approach where by the SLP treats each sound error individually. Instruction is given on how to position the articulators (lips, tongue, etc) in order to produce the target sound starting in isolation and moves through structured levels (VanRiper & Emerick, 1984; Pena-Brooks, 1972; Pena-Brooks & Hedge, 2007, Costello & Onstein, 1976).

Long description

Traditional articulation approach teaches sound production in isolation, syllables, words, and sentences; training includes three levels.

Method:

1) Perceptual/Ear Training: SLP demonstrate how target sound is produced, ask patient to identify the sound in isolation among sounds that are similar and sounds that are different, ask patient to identify the position of the sound in words, bombard the patient with productions of target sound, and have patient judge correct and incorrect productions.

2) Production Training:
(a) Sound Establishment; patient imitates your correct production (isolation, syllables, words) vary the phonetic contexts.
(b) Stabilization; continue training sound in isolation to encourage more consistent productions, ask patient to respond to printed letters/pictures that represent the sound, produce sounds in nonsense syllables or clusters, train sounds in words moving from simple to more complex words, train phrases if necessary, move to sentences, train conversational level.

3)Transfer (Carry-over): initiate carry-over activities when patient can produce the sounds correctly in unstructured conversational speech, give specific assignments to patient to complete at home, teach self-monitoring, and create varied speaking situations for the patient to target sounds.

VanRiper & Emerick, 1984; Pena-Brooks, 1972; Pena-Brooks & Hedge, 2007, Costello & Onstein, 1976