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Chaining Therapy Approach
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Speech Therapy -> Phonology
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Chaining therapy approach is a procedure used by the SLP to elicit consonants in pre, post, and intervocalic contexts using functional phrase combinations (Johnson & Hood, 1988).
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Chewing Hierarchy Program
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Feeding Therapy -> Swallowing
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Chewing hierarchy program is an intervention utilizing sequenced progression of treatment exercises to initiate and strengthen mandibular function needed for successful mastication skill (Rosenfeld-Johnson, 1999; Overland, 2004).
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Child-Led Play
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Speech Therapy -> Pragmatics / Social Skills / Life Skills
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Child-led play encourages the adult to allow the child to take the lead, which creates more meaningful and relevant learning opportunities for the child, and an environment where the child is naturally and intrinsically motivated to communicate.
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Clinical Analysis of Hierarchal Intervention
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The SLP implements hierarchal interventions based upon patient outcome to ensure continued progress towards goals.
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Co-articulation Therapy Approach
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Speech Therapy -> Phonology
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Co-articulation therapy approach involves the SLP using syllable strings of targeted phonemes that are built up to a functional phrase (Siegelman, 2008).
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Cognitive-Communication Therapy
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Speech Therapy -> Executive Function
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Enhances cognitive skills that support communication, such as memory and attention.
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Communicative Reading Strategies (CRS)
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Speech Therapy -> Expressive Language
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Communicative Reading Strategies (CRS) is a meaning-based feedback strategy emphasizing the process and purpose of reading that improves both language and reading abilities. This intervention approach is for school-age children who exhibit poor reading and/or poor language skills and focuses on language processing during oral reading (Crowe, 2003).
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Compensatory and Facilitation Techniques
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Feeding Therapy -> Swallowing
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Compensatory and facilitation techniques are not only airway protective swallowing maneuvers but they also help facilitate the return of pharyngeal function. These techniques can be used with patients who understand the rationale for the maneuver, follow two- to three-step instructions, and retain instructions over time. There are 4 compensatory/facilitation swallowing maneuvers that have been shown to improve airway protection and the efficiency of bolus passage through the aerodigestive tract: Supraglottic swallow, Super-supraglottic swallow, effortful swallow and Mendelsohn maneuver (Swigert, 2007; Logemann, 1998; Huckabee and Steele, 2006).
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Compensatory Postures and Positions
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Feeding Therapy -> Swallowing
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Compensatory postures and positions are used to facilitate the efficiency and safety of bolus passage through the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus. The four postures include: chin down, head back, head tilt, and head rotation. (Swigert, 2007; Logemann, 1998; Cherney, 1994).
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Compensatory Techniques
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Feeding Therapy -> Swallowing
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Compensatory techniques are used by the SLP during therapeutic feedings to compensate for deficits. The SLP determines the use of these techniques by the swallowing deficits and include; oral sensitivity training, food placement, external pressure to the cheek, labial and chin support, food presentation, multiple swallows, and thermal-tactile application (Swigert, 2007; Logemann 1998; Cherney, 1994).
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Computer/Laptop/Tablet Use
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Occupational Therapy -> Handwriting
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The use of Computers, Laptops, and Tablets in occupational therapy is aimed at enhancing digital literacy and ergonomic skills necessary for efficient and safe use of technology. This intervention is crucial for individuals with physical disabilities, visual impairments, or learning disabilities that affect their ability to write by hand or navigate digital devices.
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Confidential Voice Therapy
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Speech Therapy -> Voice
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Confidential voice therapy involves the SLP teaching the patient how to lower the volume of the voice while using an easy, breathy voice quality, as if speaking “confidentially” to someone. It is most commonly used as an effective means of significantly reducing the pressure on the vocal folds during phonation for a limited period, after which a patient may return to a more functional volume of speech. This type of voice therapy is indicated following an acute vocal fold injury or as a method of gradually resuming voice use following surgery (Stemple, et al., 2000; Pannbacker, 1998).
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Continued Assessment and Analysis During Implementation of Services
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The SLP will continuously assess and analyze the patient’s response to skilled intervention and determine when formal evaluation of skills and/or adjustment of the Plan of Care are clinically warranted.
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Contrast Approach
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Speech Therapy -> Phonology
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Contrast approach is a cognitive-linguistic approach to articulation and phonology that the SLP incorporates word pairs with phonemic differences in the target sounds. It is used to teach the idea that a contrast in sound signals a contrast in meaning (Hodson & Paden, 1983; Pena-Brooks & Hegde 2007).
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Conversational-Recasting Language Intervention
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Speech Therapy -> Expressive Language
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Conversational-Recasting Language Intervention technique is used in a clinician structured setting where following a patient’s production that omits the target, the SLP gives a “growth recast” that includes the target incorporated in a reply and recasts basic semantic information from the patient’s utterance (Camarata, et al 1994).
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Coordination Drills
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Physical Therapy -> Bilateral Coordination
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Coordination Drills are designed to enhance the ability to perform smooth and controlled movements.
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Cycles Approach
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Speech Therapy -> Phonology
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Cycles approach is a phonological pattern approach the SLP designs to treat patients with multiple misarticulations and highly unintelligible speech. The approach consists of treatment cycles that vary between 5 weeks and 16 weeks which include auditory stimulation and production practices (Hodson & Paden, 1983).
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Declarative Language (Expressive)
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Speech Therapy -> Expressive Language
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Declarative language is an ideal communication style for neurodivergent children. Declarative language allows children the opportunity to engage critical thinking, problem solving, and perspective taking.
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Declarative Language (Pragmatic)
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Speech Therapy -> Pragmatics / Social Skills / Life Skills
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Declarative language is an ideal communication style for neurodivergent children. Declarative language allows children the opportunity to engage critical thinking, problem solving, and perspective taking.
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Declarative Language (Receptive)
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Speech Therapy -> Receptive Language
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Declarative language is an ideal communication style for neurodivergent children. Declarative language allows children the opportunity to engage critical thinking, problem solving, and perspective taking.
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Deep Pharyngeal Neuromuscular Stimulation (DPNS)
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Feeding Therapy -> Swallowing
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DPNS is a systematized therapeutic method for pharyngeal dysphagia which utilizes eleven specific stimulation techniques within the oral/pharyngeal areas (Sheppard, 2008; Logemann, 2007).
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Direct Language Treatment Approach
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Speech Therapy -> Expressive Language
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This is a clinician-directed approach where the SLP uses specific stimuli, explicit reinforcement contingencies, and expects the child to imitate or produce specific targets upon stimulation that moves through a planned sequence of treatment stages (Hedge 2008).
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Direct Management Techniques
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Feeding Therapy -> Swallowing
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Direct management techniques are hands on oral-motor methods used to facilitate jaw, lip, cheek, and tongue stability and mobility to facilitate swallowing (Cherney, 1994).
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Distinctive Features Approach
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Speech Therapy -> Phonology
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Distinctive feature approach is used by the SLP after a distinctive feature analysis of the patient’s speech errors is completed. The goal of the approach is to establish missing distinctive features and assumes that teaching a feature in the context of a few sounds will result in generalized production of other sounds with the same feature. Distinctive features are place, manner, and voicing of sounds (McReynolds & Bennett, 1972; Pena-Brooks & Hegde, 2007, Costello & Onstein, 1976, Ruder & Bunce, 1981).
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Earobics
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Occupational Therapy -> Attention
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Earobics is a targeted auditory training program designed to enhance auditory processing skills, critical for effective listening and learning. The program uses interactive audio-driven exercises to improve phonological awareness, auditory attention, and listening skills in children and adults.
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